RESEARCH INDEX / 研究索引

READ THE
METHOD.

Nine starting points, checked against papers, DOI records, PubMed or publisher pages—not search snippets. This is an annotated index, not medical advice or a claim of CFNM prevalence.

論文、DOI、PubMed、出版社ページで再確認した9件の研究候補です。検索snippetだけを根拠にせず、研究方法と限界を併記します。医療助言でもCFNM人口の推計でもありません。

Published / 公開日: 2026-09-07 · Updated / 更新日: 2026-09-07

Scope boundary / 範囲の境界

None of these nine publications measures CFNM as a distinct population or estimates its prevalence. They are adjacent evidence about media, looking, bodies, nudity or gendered power.

9件はいずれもCFNM固有の人口や普及率を測定していません。メディア、視線、身体、裸体、ジェンダー化された権力に関する隣接研究です。

Research records

Karsay, Knoll & Matthes (2018)

Source [R1]

Sample / 標本: 54 papers; 50 independent studies; 261 effects; 15,100 participants.
Method / 方法: Meta-analysis of correlational, panel and experimental work on sexualizing media and self-objectification.
Finding / 主な結果: Reported a positive small-to-moderate overall association/effect (r = .19), with heterogeneity across effects.
Limitations / 限界: Most studies concerned women and the mean participant age was about 19.7; media categories and designs varied, and meta-analysis inherits limitations of included studies.
CFNM caution / 注意: Not CFNM-specific. It concerns sexualizing media and self-objectification across media.

Blond (2008)

Source [R2]

Sample / 標本: 15 experimental studies included in the review.
Method / 方法: Review and effect-size analysis of experiments exposing men to idealized male bodies in advertisements or commercials.
Finding / 主な結果: Found a small, statistically significant negative impact on men’s body dissatisfaction overall.
Limitations / 限界: The evidence base was small, focused substantially on young men, and varied in stimuli and outcome measures.
CFNM caution / 注意: Not CFNM-specific. It studies idealized male imagery, not clothing-asymmetric encounters.

Daniel & Bridges (2010)

Source [R3]

Sample / 標本: N = 244, predominantly college-aged men.
Method / 方法: Cross-sectional online survey with path analysis of media-ideal internalization, self-objectification, body surveillance, body shame, BMI and drive for muscularity.
Finding / 主な結果: Media-ideal internalization was the strongest predictor of drive for muscularity; the tested objectification variables did not mediate it as hypothesized.
Limitations / 限界: Cross-sectional self-report cannot establish causation; a predominantly college-aged male sample limits generalization.
CFNM caution / 注意: Not CFNM-specific. It concerns male body image and media ideals.

Guo et al. (2025)

Source [R4]

Sample / 標本: 78 studies; 158 effect sizes; 74,216 participants across 16 countries.
Method / 方法: Three-level meta-analysis comparing self-objectification across genders, measures and societal contexts.
Finding / 主な結果: Reported higher average self-objectification among women (d = .35); measurement type and societal gender equality moderated the difference.
Limitations / 限界: Measures were heterogeneous; country-level moderators cannot explain individual experience, and included studies remain mostly observational.
CFNM caution / 注意: Not CFNM-specific. Group averages do not predict an individual’s gaze, consent or response to nudity.

West (2021)

Source [R5]

Sample / 標本: N = 51 adults randomized to naked or clothed group activity.
Method / 方法: Randomized controlled trial with pre/post body-appreciation measures and proposed mediators.
Finding / 主な結果: The naked-activity group reported increased body appreciation, statistically mediated by reduced social physique anxiety.
Limitations / 限界: Small, short-term sample; participants willing to enroll in a nudity study may differ from the public; self-report outcomes and setting limit generalization.
CFNM caution / 注意: Not CFNM-specific. This was communal nudity, not a gendered clothing-asymmetry study.

Hollett et al. (2022)

Source [R6]

Sample / 標本: Study 1 N = 1,021; Study 2 subsample N = 167 heterosexual women and men.
Method / 方法: Scale development/validation plus eye tracking of matched partially and fully dressed female and male images.
Finding / 主な結果: Developed body-gaze and gaze-provocation scales; men showed body-biased gaze across female images, while women showed head-biased gaze for fully clothed male images. Some self-report and eye-tracking measures correlated.
Limitations / 限界: Heterosexual framing, standardized images and a subsample eye-tracking task do not reproduce live social contexts; correlations do not establish intent.
CFNM caution / 注意: Not CFNM-specific. Looking location is not consent, motive or a full theory of female gaze.

Mulvey (1975)

Source [R7]

Sample / 標本: Not applicable: theoretical film criticism, not an empirical participant study.
Method / 方法: Psychoanalytic feminist analysis of visual pleasure and classical narrative cinema.
Finding / 主な結果: Argued that mainstream narrative cinema organized active looking and spectacle through gendered structures associated with a masculine viewing position.
Limitations / 限界: A historically situated theoretical argument, not a universal psychological law or direct measurement of viewers.
CFNM caution / 注意: Not CFNM-specific. The essay is foundational context for discussing gaze, not proof that role reversal creates a single female gaze.

Rohlinger (2002)

Source [R8]

Sample / 標本: 408 advertisements coded from 1987 and 1997 magazine samples.
Method / 方法: Quantitative content analysis situated within a cultural-change account of advertising and representations of masculinity.
Finding / 主な結果: Reported increased visual cues of objectification in sexualized depictions of men and connected those changes to wider cultural and commercial shifts.
Limitations / 限界: Selected magazines and two time points cannot represent all advertising or audience effects; coding images does not measure viewer response.
CFNM caution / 注意: Not CFNM-specific. It concerns male objectification in advertising.

Extine & Harrison (2026)

Source [R9]

Sample / 標本: N = 350 participants from the United States and United Kingdom.
Method / 方法: Qualitative photo-elicitation: open-ended responses to sexualized advertisements depicting male- or female-dominant power dynamics, analyzed with S-O-R and schema theory.
Finding / 主な結果: Male-dominant portrayals commonly drew outrage, discomfort or resigned familiarity; female-dominant reversals were often read as humorous, exaggerated, confusing or illegitimate.
Limitations / 限界: Responses to selected advertisements are interpretive and context-dependent; qualitative patterns do not estimate prevalence or actual behavior.
CFNM caution / 注意: Not CFNM-specific. Female dominance in advertising is not equivalent to CFNM or to consensual femdom.

BIBLIOGRAPHY / 出典

Primary publication records.

Sexualizing Media Use and Self-Objectification: A Meta-Analysis ACADEMIC PEER REVIEWED · checked 2026-09-07Karsay, Knoll & Matthes, Psychology of Women Quarterly 42(1), 9–28.
Impacts of exposure to images of ideal bodies on male body dissatisfaction: a review ACADEMIC PEER REVIEWED · checked 2026-09-07Blond, Body Image 5(3), 244–250. DOI 10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.02.003.
The drive for muscularity in men: media influences and objectification theory ACADEMIC PEER REVIEWED · checked 2026-09-07Daniel & Bridges, Body Image 7(1), 32–38. DOI 10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.08.003.
Self-objectification is (Still) gendered: A meta-analysis across measures and societal contexts ACADEMIC PEER REVIEWED · checked 2026-09-07Guo, Xiao, Dang & Li, Body Image 55, 101972. DOI 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101972.
I Feel Better Naked: Communal Naked Activity Increases Body Appreciation by Reducing Social Physique Anxiety ACADEMIC PEER REVIEWED · checked 2026-09-07West, The Journal of Sex Research 58(8), 958–966.
Body Gaze as a Marker of Sexual Objectification ACADEMIC PEER REVIEWED · checked 2026-09-07Hollett, Rogers, Florido & Mosdell, Archives of Sexual Behavior 51, 2759–2780. DOI 10.1007/s10508-022-02290-y.
Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema ACADEMIC PEER REVIEWED · checked 2026-09-07Mulvey, Screen 16(3), 6–18.
Eroticizing Men: Cultural Influences on Advertising and Male Objectification ACADEMIC PEER REVIEWED · checked 2026-09-07Rohlinger, Sex Roles 46(3–4), 61–74.
Flipping the script: consumer reactions to gender role reversals and power dynamics in sexualized advertising ACADEMIC PEER REVIEWED · checked 2026-09-07Extine & Harrison, Qualitative Market Research 29(2), 157–183.

Last checked / 最終確認日: 2026-09-07. Findings are paraphrased; follow the linked publication record for the authors’ full argument and updates.